In Thailand, debt has to be collected in a period of maximum 2 years. To do so, company wish to recover debt should provide full documentation on the case, to attest the fact that debtor hasn’t paid his or her debts. In order to establish fair and standardized collection rules, Thai government passed Thai Debt Collection Act in 2015, and it applies to all debt collectors, from institutional lenders such as banks to individual creditors. In general, a debtor refers to a natural person obligated to pay a debt and the individual debt guarantor.
在泰國，債務必須在最長2年的期限追回。為此，有興趣追回債務的公司應提供有關案件的完整文件，以證明債務人未償還債務的事實。為了建立公平和規範的催收規則，泰國政府於 2015 年通過《泰國追債法》，適用於從銀行等機構貸方到個人債權人的所有收債人。一般來說，債務人是指有義務償還債務的自然人以及個人債務擔保人。
Also, debt collector means a creditor who is a credit provider, a business operator under the law on consumer protection, and other creditors who are entitled to receive payment incurred from business and such debt is legal and shall include an attorney authorized by a creditor.
此外，追債人是指提供信貸的債權人、在《消費者保護法》下的企業經營者，以及有權從合法商業營運收款的其他債權人，且應包括債權人授權的律師。
Corporate debt collectors, who can be individual directors, managers, and representatives, can be held criminally liable should there be involvement from their side. Even when a legal entity violates the law within the scope of practice of the representative, manager, or director, then they can be liable for the same offence as they are deemed responsible for a juristic person acting under their scope for their purpose.
公司追債人可以是個人董事、經理和代表，如果他們一方參與其中，可能會被追究刑事責任。即使法人代表、經理或董事的執業範圍內違反法律，他們也可能因被視為對在其範圍內為實現其目的而行事的法人負有責任而承擔同樣的責任。
The collector cannot collect any fees or expenses over an official limit set by the Committee Governing Debt Collection, appointed under Thai Debt Collection Act. Also, the collector cannot convince a debtor to pay by cheque if the collector knows the debtor cannot afford the debt.
追債人收取的任何費用或開支不得超過《泰國追債法》任命的管理債務催收委員會規定的官方限額。此外，如果追債人知道債務人無力支付債務，追債人無法說服債務人以支票付款。
Under Thai Debtor Collection Act, a debt collector cannot proceed with followings:
依據《泰國追債法》，追債人不能進行以下:
Ø A debt collector is prohibited from making contact with other persons who are not debtors for debt collection, except for a person specified by a debtor for such purpose, for example, a lawyer;
禁止追債人與非債務人以外的人聯繫以進行追討，但債務人指定的人（例如律師）例外;
Ø Collector cannot tell third parties that such debtor owes debt unless the third party is a spouse, parent, or child of the debtor;
追債人除了債務人的配偶、父母或子女之外，不能告訴其他第三人有關債務人欠債一事;
Ø Collector cannot use any language, symbol, or business name of him/her on any correspondence that may leads others to think the conversation is related to debt collection;
追款人不能使用任何語言、符號、或商業名稱使其他人認為通訊內容與討債有關;
Ø Collector can only contact debtor during 8:00-20:00 from Monday to Friday and during 8:00-18:00 during public holidays. One (1) contact include a phone call, SMS or Line application. If the debtor answers the call or reads the message, it is considered that the demand has been received, but if you don't answer the call - don't read the message regarded as not yet claiming.
追債人只能在平日早上八點到晚上八點、或是假日的早上八點到晚上六點與債務人聯絡。1次聯繫計算在內，包括電話、短信或Line申請。如果債務人接聽電話或閱讀訊息，視為已收到要求，但如果您不接聽電話-不閱讀訊息則視為尚未主張。
Ø Collector can only contact debtor at particular place specified by debtor;
追債人只能在債務人約定的地方聯繫他;
Ø Once collector has received payment from debtor, debt collector should issue proper receipt as evidence of payment.
追債人收到款項後應該出具收款證明。
Any person who violates or fails to comply with Thai Debt Collection Act is a criminal offense and can be reported to district office or police station. Collector who threatens or causes injury to debtor’s person, property, or reputation can be fined up to THB 500,000 and/or jailed for up to five years.
任何違反或未遵守《泰國追債法》的人皆為刑事犯罪，可以向地區辦公室或警察局報案。威脅或損害債務人的生命、財產或名譽的追債人最高可被處以500,000泰銖的罰款和/或五年的監禁。
There are two ways of collecting debt in Thailand, which are the amicable procedure and the court procedure. However, under Thai Civil and Commercial Code, court debt recovery can happen under one of the following circumstances:
在泰國有兩種追債方式，為協商程序和法院程序。但是，根據《泰國民商法》，法院可以在下列情況之一追回債務：
Ø for loan of maximum THB 2,000, the claimant must bring a witness who will attest to the fact that a contract was made for that amount;
對於最高2,000泰銖的貸款，索賠人必須帶一名證人來證明合約是為該金額訂立;
Ø for amounts of money above THB 2,000, the contract must have been concluded in writing and it must be presented in court;
對於超過2,000泰銖的金額，合約必須以書面形式訂立，並且必須在法院出示;
Ø the debt collection procedure, no matter its form, must not imply any compound interest accruing from the interested acknowledged by the judge;
追債程序，無論其形式，不得暗示法官承認的利害關係人產生的任何復利;
Ø there is also the possibility to recover a debt in a foreign currency at the current exchange rate;
也有可能以當前匯率收回外幣債務;
Ø a pecuniary debt can also be repaid in goods or real estate property, as long as the creditor agrees.
金錢債務也可以用貨物或不動產償還，只要債權人同意。
The amicable debt recovery process involves:
協商追債程序包括：
Ø appoint law firm specialized in debt collection cases to contact the debtor and bring to their attention the debt can be appointed;
委託專門從事追債案件的律師事務所聯繫債務人並提請他們注意債務可以指定;
Ø the contact will first be made by phone, followed by one or more dunning letters in the next 7 to 15 days;
首先通過電話聯繫，然後在接下來的 7 到 15 天內發送一封或多封催款信;
Ø if a debtor agrees to pay a debt, new agreement will be made. The debt can be repaid in installments without interest;
如果債務人同意償還債務，將擬訂新的合約。債務可以無息分期償還;
Ø if a debtor fails to pay or does not respond to the demand letters, the creditor can ask for the debt collection procedure to be moved to court;
如果債務人未付款或未回覆催款信，債權人可以要求將追債程序移交法院;
Ø at this stage, the debtor will be required to appoint lawyer to represent him or her in Thai court.
在此階段，債務人將需要指定一名律師在泰國法庭上做為代表。
When the debt collection procedure brings to the court, debtor will be summoned to appear in front of the judge to defend his or her case. The claimant is required to submit all related evidence, which includes witnesses, the contract which is the subject of the dispute and if the amicable recovery was first employed, the dunning letters sent to the defendant is required.
當追債程序提交法庭，債務人將被傳喚到法官面前為其案件辯護。索賠人必須提交所有相關證據，包括證人、作為爭議標的的合約，如果一開始採用協商程序，還須包括發給被告的催款信。
When Thai Court makes a decision on who will lose a case or has to pay debts or perform some measure, if there is no further appeal or petition to the Supreme Court, the party who loses the case should be the “judgment debtor”. They must abide by the decision of the Court. Otherwise, the party who wins the case can ask the Court to enforce the judgment as per the court order. This process is generally known as the “legal execution” process.
當泰國法院就決定敗訴方、必須支付債務、或採取某些措施作出決定，如果沒有進一步上訴或向最高法院請願，敗訴方應為“判決債務人”。他們必須遵守法院的決定，否則，勝訴方可以請求法院按照法院命令執行判決。這個過程通常被稱為“合法執行”過程。
According to Section 275 of Civil Procedure Law, the judgment creditor can file to Court an ex parte (one-sided) application for a writ of execution. The application should expressly mention:
根據《民事訴訟法》第 275 條，勝訴債權人可以向法院提出單方面的執行令申請。申請案應明確提及：
Ø the judgment or order under which execution is applied for;
申請執行的判決或裁定;
Ø the extent to which such judgment or order has remained unsatisfied;
此類判決或命令仍未得到執行的程度;
Ø the measures of execution for which the writ is applied for.
申請令的執行措施。
In addition, the legal execution process must be requested by the judgment creditor within ten years from the date of rendering the final judgment of the Court. Moreover, if the judgment or order requires the obligation to be performed in installments on a monthly or annual basis, or be performed in the future, such period will be counted from the date on which the performance of obligations under such judgment is enforceable.
此外，法定執行程序必須在法院作出最終判決之日起十年內由判定債權人提出請求。此外，如果判決或裁定要求義務按月或按年分期履行，或在未來履行，該期限自該判決義務的履行具有強制執行力之日起計算。
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