There are some concepts you should know when filing a criminal case in Thailand. For example, there is no jury system in Thailand. In addition, when an accused is detained at the police station, the police have the power to detain the accused of no more than 48 hours, and not more than 24 hours for offenses brought to the juvenile court.[1]Following is detailed procedure of the criminal cases in Thailand:
當在泰國提起刑事訴訟時，您應該知道幾個知識。例如,泰國沒有陪審團制度。此外，當嫌疑犯拘留在警察局，警局有權居留嫌疑犯不超過48小時，針對起訴至少年法院的罪行居留不超過24小時。以下為詳細的泰國刑事訴訟程序:
1st Steps: Complaint
第一步: 備案
The injured parties can make a complaint at a local police department where the incident occurred or where the injured parties’ current resident, if the incident took place online.
受害人應在事件發生的當地警察局、或是當事件在線上發生，在受害人所在地的警察局備案。
2nd Steps: Inquiry and Investigation
第二步:詢問及調查
The “Police Report” have to make within the same day when the complaint was made. Usually it will contain places, time, what happened during the incident, and what damages the injured parties have suffered. Once the inquiry has been finished, the investigation will begin.
“筆錄”必須在備案的當天完成。通常筆錄會包含事件的地點、時間、事由、以及被害人的損失。當筆錄完成後會開始調查。
After the investigation has concluded and the possible charges were found, the next step is to summon the alleged parties to give a statement to inquire the incident and whether the charges have the merit to proceed to the courts.
當調查結束且找到可能的控訴，下一步是傳喚嫌犯進行說明，詢問事件以及控訴是否有理由向法院提起訴訟。
During that interrogation, the police must notify the rights of alleged parties such as the right not to answer questions, not to have audio recordings, video recordings, or the right to contact lawyer for advice, or perhaps it can provide an opportunity to connect with outsiders such as relatives or friends. But there are exceptions in cases where contacting third parties may deform the case.[2]
在訊問期間，警察必須告知嫌犯的權利，例如不回答問題、不進行錄音、錄像或聯繫律師尋求建議的權利，或者可以提供聯繫的機會與親戚或朋友等外人。但也有例外情況，聯繫第三方可能會使案件產生變化。
3rd Steps: Summon and Arrest
第三步: 傳喚和逮捕
The officer will usually issue the “Summon Warrant” to the alleged parties to take the statement of the other parties and weight it against the injured parties’ statement from the 1st steps. This summon warrant will be issued 2 times and such warrant can be postponed to later date if the summon date as specified on the warrant is inconvenient to the alleged parties.
官員通常會向嫌犯發出“傳票”取得陳述，並取在第一步取得的受害人說明進取得權衡。傳票將會發出2次，如果當事人在傳喚日不便出席，可以延遲。
If, however, the alleged parties do not show up at the summoned police station after the 2nd summon warrant was issued, this will turn into an “Arrest Warrant” and the officer themselves are allowed to forcibly detain the alleged parties and take the statement of the incident. After the preliminary statement was given, the police will finalize the cases.[3]
但是，如果發出第二次傳票後，嫌犯沒有出現在傳喚的警察局，會開出“逮捕令”，並且允許警官強制拘留嫌犯並進行陳述。作出初步聲明後，警方將審理案件。
4th Steps: Conclusion of the Charges and Making an Official Report
第四步: 結案和做正式報告
The period that the alleged parties would be detained will depend on the penalties and punishment of the charges that Section 87 of Criminal Procedure has prescribed as followed:
嫌犯被拘留的期限取決於《刑事訴訟法》第87條規定以下罰款和處罰：
1. In the Petty Offenses Cases: No more than 48 hours (Or 2 Days) starting from the time that alleged parties arrived at the police department. Under special circumstances, this period can be extended to 3 days.
輕罪：從嫌犯到達警察局之日起不超過48小時（或2天）。特殊情況下可延長至3天。
2. In the Offense where the punishment is not exceeding 6 months or fine not exceeding 500 THB or both: No more than 7 days within the single period.
不超過 6 個月監禁或不超過500泰銖罰款、或兩者併罰的罪行：一次不超過 7 天。
3. In the Offense where the punishment is exceeding 6 months but no more than10 years or a fine exceeding 500 THB or both: The detained period must not exceed 12 days for each period. The Court could order several detention periods, but in total, must not exceeding 48 days.
超過 6 個月監禁但不超過10年、或超過500泰銖罰款、或兩者併罰：每次拘留時間不得超過12天。法院可以下令數個拘留時間，但總共不得超過48天。
4. In the Offense where the punishment is exceeding 10 years regardless of a fine: The detained period must not exceed 12 days for each period. The Court could order several detention periods, but in total, must not exceeding 84 days.
若為超過10年的刑期，不論罰款：拘留期間每次不得超過12天。法院可以下令數個拘留期，但總共不得超過 84 天。
5th Steps: Lodging of Lawsuits & 6th Steps: Court Hearing
第五步:向法院起訴及第六步:聽證
After the officer has concluded the report as aforementioned, in the Criminal Case, the Public Prosecutor will have the discretion whether to submit the case to Court or not. You may refer to our earlier article “Criminal Law Procedure in Thailand” at https://0rz.tw/dwWdY. From the first hearing to the final judgment by the Court, could take up to 6 months or up to 1 or 2 years for all of the process to be concluded.
警官完成上述報告後，刑事案件中檢察官擁有是否將案件提交法院的自由裁量權。您可以在https://0rz.tw/dwWdY參考我們之前的文章“泰國刑法程序介紹”。從第一次聽證到法院作出最終判決可能需要長達6個月或長達1或2年的時間才能完成所有程序。
[1] Section 7 of the Act on Establishment of the District Court and Criminal Procedure in the District Court or Section 87 of the Criminal Procedure Code. [2] Section 134/4 of the Criminal Procedure Code. [3] Section 66 of the Criminal Procedure Code.
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